Vvedenie: Spetsifika svarochnykh rabot na ob’ektakh gidroenergetiki
Stroitel’stvo gidroelektrostantsii, vodonapornykh plotin i magistral’nykh truboprovodov predъyavlYyet isklyuchitel’nyye trebovaniya k svarochnomu oborudovaniyu. Svarka betonnoy armatury, montazh zatvorov, soyedineniye napornykh truboprovodov i ustanovka turbinogo oborudovaniya — vse eti operatsii trebuyut stabil’nogo istochnika pitaniya, sposobnogo rabotat’ v usloviyakh povyshennoy vlazhnosti, zapyllyonnosti i ogranichennogo prostranstva.
Svarochnye agregaty ENGINE WELDER serii HW nashli shirokoye primeneniye na krupneyshikh gidroenergeticheskikh proyektakh Rossii, Tsentral’noy Azii i Kitaya. V dannoy stat’ye rassmatrivayutsya klyuchevyye stsenarii primeneniya i rekomendatsii po vyboru oborudovaniya dlya inzhenerov i rukovoditeley stroitel’nykh proyektov.
Razdel 1: Osobennosti svarochnykh rabot pri stroitel’stve plotin
Betonnyye plotiny trebuyut massivnoy armaturnoy svarki — sterzhni diametrom 28-40 mm svariyayutsya v prostranstvennyye karkasy vyesom do 15 tonn. Tipichnyye trebovaniya:
- Svarochnyy tok: 200-350A pri 60-80% PV (prodolzhitel’nost’ vklyucheniya)
- Stoykost’ k povyshennoy vlazhnosti (do 95%)
- Rabota pri temperaturakh ot -30S do +45S
- Avtonomnaya rabota vdali ot elektrosetey — svarochnye agregaty neobkhodimy na etape vozvedeniya
Model’ HW350D s dizel’nym dvigatelem obespechivayet stabil’nyy tok 350A pri PV 60%, chto delayet yeyo optimal’nym resheniyem dlya armaturnykh rabot na stroitel’stve plotin vysotoy boleye 100 metrov.
Razdel 2: Napornyye truboprovody GES — klyuchevoye primeneniye svarochnykh agregatov
Napornyye truboprovody gidroelektrostantsiy (diametr 2-8 metrov, tolshchina stenki 20-60 mm) izgotavlivayutsya iz nizkolegirovannoy stali marok 09G2S i 15GS. Svarka vypolnyayetsya po tekhnologii STT (Surface Tension Transfer) dlya kornevogo prokhoda i FCAW/MAG dlya zapravlyayushchikh i oblitsovochnykh prokhodov.
| Model’ ENGINE WELDER | Tip topliva | Svarochnyy tok (PV 60%) | Auxiliary Power | Primeneniye |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HW320DS | Dizel’ | 320A | 5 kVA / 220V | Truboprovody DN600-1200 |
| HW450D | Dizel’ | 450A | 8 kVA / 380V | Truboprovody DN1200-2000 |
| HW450DS | Dizel’ | 450A x2 | 8 kVA / 380V | Dvukhpostovaya svarka DN2000+ |
| HW600DS | Dizel’ | 600A x2 | 12 kVA / 380V | Tolstostennyye truboprovody |
| HW800DS | Dizel’ | 800A x2 | 15 kVA / 380V | Turbinnyye kamery GES |
Dvukhpostovoy rezhim (HW450DS / HW600DS) pozvolyayet dvum svarshchikam odnovremenno vesti svarku na protivopolozhnykh storonakh truby — kriticheski vazhno dlya soblyudeniya ravnomernogo teplovlozheniya i minimizatsii deformatsiy.
Razdel 3: Zatvory i gidroturbinnoye oborudovaniye
Montazh zatvorov gidroelektrostantsiy vypolnyayetsya v tesnyonnykh usloviyakh — vnutri shakht i kamer, pri ogranichennoy ventilyatsii. Dizel’nyye agregaty ENGINE WELDER predpochtitel’ny blagodarya otsutstviyu vyekhlopnykh gazov vnutri pomeshcheniy pri osnashchenii vynostnym vyekhlopnym kollektorom. Modeli HW800DS i HW1000 osnashcheny vynostnymi vyekhlopnymi патрубками dlya otvoda gazov na rasstoyaniye do 15 metrov.
- Svarka zatvorov: listovaya stal’ 30-60 mm, E7018, tok 280-350A
- Svarka napravlyayushchikh apparatov: nerzhaveyushchaya stal’, TIG-podgotovka
- Pricvarka krepyozhnykh elementov: shpilki M24-M48, E4313/E6013
Razdel 4: Trebovaniya k kachestvu i kontrol’ svarnykh soyedineniy
Svarnyye soyedineniya napornykh truboprovodov GES podlezhat 100% nerazrushayushchemu kontrolyu metodami UZK (ul’trazvukovoy kontrol’) i RK (radiograficheskiy kontrol’). Dopustimyy protsent defektov — ne boleye 2% ot obshchey protyazhennosti shvov. Dlya dostizheniya takogo pokazatelya kriticheski vazhny:
- Stabil’nost’ svarochnoy dugi — ENGINE WELDER obespechivayet otkloneniye toka ne boleye 5A
- Nizkoye razbryzgivaniye — minimizatsiya defektov tipa ‘pory’
- Ravnomernyy provar kornya shva — kritichen dlya tolstostennykh truboprovodov
Razdel 5: Proyektnaya keys — Verkhne-Narynskaya GES-1 (Kyrgyzstan)
Stroitel’stvo verkhne-narynskogo kaskada GES potrebovalo svarki boleye 18 000 pogonnykh metrov napornykh truboprovodov diametrom 2 800 mm. Park oborudovaniya ENGINE WELDER na ob’yekte:
- 8 x HW450D — osnovnaya svarka truboprovodov
- 4 x HW320DS — podgotovitel’nyye i montazhnyye raboty
- 2 x HW190 — mobil’nyye raboty, rezka i naplavka
- Obshchaya narabotka: 32 000 motochasov za 28 mesyatsev
- Koeffitsiyent tekhnicheskoy gotovnosti: 94.7%
- Protsent braka svarnykh shvov: 1.1%
Dlya konsul’tatsiy po vyboru svarochnogo oborudovaniya dlya gidroenergeticheskikh proyektov obrashchaytes’: Tel. +86-10-86468776 | denoh@126.com | https://www.denohgroup.com/contact/